Latin
Family: Italic
Region: Italy and Roman Empire
Time: 1st century B.C. - 1st century C.E.
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Velar | Glottal | |
| Voiceless stop | p | t | k | |
| Voiced stop | b | d | g | |
| Fricative | f | s | h | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Trill | r | |||
| Lateral | l | |||
| Approximant | w | j |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
| High | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | a aː |
Notes
- According to McCullagh (1965:86), it is not possible to ascertain whether the graphic combinations <QV> and <GV> represent single units (the labialised velars [kʷ] and [gʷ]) or combinations of two phonemes ([kw] and [gw]).
- McCullagh (1965:87) states that the velar nasal can be considered phonemic, at least with a low functional load, since some minimal pairs can be found.
- The loan phonemes /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, z, y/ are reported by McCullagh (1965).
Bibliography
McCullagh, Matthew. 1965. The sounds of Latin: Phonology. In Allen, W. Sidney (ed.), Vox Latina: A Guide to the Pronounciation of Classical Latin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clackson, James. 2011. A companion to the Latin language. Vol. 82. Wiley-Blackwell.
Author
Stefano Coretta